Understanding this cancer
Tumours can arise in almost any organ and include benign, precancerous and malignant conditions. A label such as “mass” or “lesion” on a scan is not by itself a cancer diagnosis. The original imaging, pathology and clinical history must be reviewed together.
Signs to discuss with a doctor
Warning signs vary by organ. A growing lump, unexplained bleeding, persistent pain, neurologic change, unexplained weight loss, lasting fever or a change that does not heal should be assessed. Severe or sudden symptoms need local emergency care.
Risk factors
Risk factors depend on tumour type and may include age, inherited variants, tobacco, infections, radiation, occupational exposure, hormones or chronic inflammation. Often there is no clear cause.
Tests and diagnosis
The work-up is organ-specific and may involve targeted imaging, blood tests, endoscopy and biopsy. When cancer is suspected, pathology is generally required before definitive treatment, except in limited clinical situations.
Treatment approaches
Management can include surveillance, surgery, radiotherapy, drug treatment, image-guided procedures, rehabilitation or symptom control. A multidisciplinary team should match treatment to the confirmed diagnosis and individual goals.
Prevention and screening
Prevention and screening depend on the specific organ and risk profile. Vaccination, tobacco avoidance, healthy weight, infection control and recommended age-appropriate screening can reduce the risk of several cancers.
Questions for your care team
What exactly does the pathology say? Is a second pathology review needed? What is the stage and treatment goal? Which specialists should join the review, and what information is still missing?